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About Mineral Deficiencies and Associated Conditions
Here are some mineral deficiencies and their associated conditions. (As a herbalist, I don't work using medical terms, but many people ask questions regarding their particular "medically diagnosed conditions" and how they can better understand how to help themselves.)... So I thought this summary might be helpful for those wondering. NB: This information is being gratefully reproduced here, be me, but is originally sourced from Trace Elements, Inc. (Interclinical Laboratories Pty Ltd). I think it's great, easy to understand and should be a useful springboard to give you some direction for further research of your own. ABSOLUTE (a) DEFICIENCY: Develops as a result of decreased absorption with increased excretion. RELATIVE (r) DEFICIENCY: Develops as a result of compartmental displacement without an increase in excretion.
Info. from Paul Pitchford's masterpiece, "Healing with whole foods" (pages 12-16, 472-473. Third edition) BROWN RICE: After wheat, rice is used more extensively in human nutrition than any other grain. Brown rice, like whole wheat, contains a plethora of nutrients, including magnesium, that are all but lost during milling into white rice. An exception is that in Asian countries, refined rice is often only partly milled and therefore contains substantial nutrition compared with "white rice" in the West. An essential topic for understanding the healing value of whole-grain brown rice is blood sugar levels. It has been known for some time in East Asian medicine that brown rice consumption has a positive effect on blood sugar and therefore, on diabetes - a condition of chronic blood-sugar elevation. However, this information has yet to be generally acknowledged in the West. In fact, an opposing view has been more prevalent - rice and grains, especially wheat, have been perceived as contributors to blood sugar imbalances, (45) and rightly so, as the grains in question have been the refined variety, which are empty foods lacking adequate minerals and other cofactors for regulating blood sugar. Recent studies, however, are enlightening us to the value of unrefined brown rice. One such study finds that the coating on brown rice, the rice bran, has ratherremarkable effects on lowering high blood sugar levels. (46) This healing value of rice and its bran comes as good news in a country where, according to the Centres for Disease Control, diabetes is an epidemic largely linked to the more fundamental epidemic of obesity. In addition to reducing blood-sugar levels, rice bran is thought to be one of the most nutrient dense substances ever studied. It embodies over 70 anti-oxidants that can protect against cellular damage and preserve youthfulness. The discussion that follows includes a number of the more prominent antioxidants found in the coatinf of brown rice along with other healing nutrients. Rice bran contains unique forms of the antioxidant vitamin E. These are rare "tocotrienols" that lower excesses of fat and cholesterol in the body and provide greater antitumour protection than any previously known tocotrienol form of vitamin E. (47) The oil in rice bran appears to have potent antioxidant value since it neutralises one of the most destructive and prevalent forms of oxidation, the lipid peroxides of fats and oils. In addition, the oil counteracts cholesterol excess, particularly the low-density lipoprotein variety, which can contribute to a variety of heart and vascular ailments. It also inhibits excess blood fat (in the form of triglycerides) in general. When fermented and used in animal studies, dietary rice bran has been shown to bolster the vitality of the internal organs, especially the adrenals, thymus, spleen and thyroid, which increase in mass and exhibit additional anti-stress effects. (48) Fermented rice bran is a relatively more tonifying, building remedy compared with conventional stabilized forms, which contain phytic acid, a cleansing constituent... ...In addition, sprouting or presoaking whole brown rice reduces the phytic acid in its bran as does making a fermented "sourdough" brown rice bread. Phytic acid is discussed further in the "IP6" section. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates of high molecular weight. The ideal type for stimulating immunity and controlling high blood sugar leading to diabetes and obesity are derived from fibre, like the polysaccharides in rice bran. (49) Another benefit from the coating of brown rice is its calming effect, which is noted in East Asian medicine. In modern nutrition, the ability of a food to foster serenity may translate into an abundance of B vitamins and trace minerals, which rice bran contains. Gamma-oryzanol, a formidable antioxidant, found only in rice bran in meaningful quantities, strengthens the musculature of the body while converting fat to lean body mass. It improves blood circulation to the extremities, overcomes clots and blood stagnation in general and improves hormonal balance through regulation of the pituitary secretion. (50) Alpha lipoic acid, a polyphenol antioxidant, promotes liver restoration, slows the aging process and converts glucose to energy. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an enzyme antioxidant that reduces mucous excesses, boosts respiratory function and helps detoxify the body. Known to counteract the effects of aging, it is also used in the treatment of alcoholic cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, acne and asthma. (51-53) Superoxide dismutase, an antioxidant enzyme, is used to treat cataracts, rheumatoid and osteoarthritis and many of the symptoms of premature aging. And there are yet other health benefits from the coating of brown rice. Coenzyme Q10, as preliminary studies suggest, treats problems of the cellular mitochondria (which are the energy sources in cells involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism). CoQ10 burns fat into energy and therefore reduces obesity. It has an affinity for the heart and is commonly used in the treatment of angina, high blood pressure and heart disease in general. It also counteracts aging and the effects of diabetes type 2 by protecting mitochondrial DNA. (54,55) It has been used to treat various neurodegenerative imbalances such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. (56) Fibromyalgia symptoms may improve from CoQ10 ingestion - when taken concurrently with the herb Ginkgo biloba. (57) Proanthocyanidins, found in rice bran, grapes, cranberries and other foods, are condensed tannins that are synthesised by many plants. In general, they facilitate wound healing, strengthen the arteries, veins and capillaries and improve blood circulation. (58) They are some of the most potent antioxidants available and thus protect against cancer and most other degenerative diseases, i.e., those marked by over-oxidation and free-radical pathology. Proanthocyanidins are additionally protective against poisons and toxins in the body's blood, lymph and organ systems. (59) Lecithin. This fatty substance containing phosphorus (a "phospholipid), produced continuously by the liver, is a nutrient found in soybeans, eggs, rice bran and other foods. From the liver, lecithin is sent via the bile to the intestines, absorbed by the blood and distributed to diverse areas of the body. It is especially important for proper function of the brain (making up 30% of the dry weight of the brain), nerves and cell membranes. Lecithin acts as an emulsifier for oil with water. It is composed primarily of essential fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6, choline (as phosphatidylcholine) and an abundance of B vitamins including inositol. Lecithin greatly helps increase absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A. It has been used extensively for enhancing brain activity. Though not effective in treating Alzheimer's disease, it nonetheless appears to inprove attention and learning in children. (60) This nutrient also exhibits a calming nature and thus can reduce hyperactivity. The myelin sheath, the fatty covering of nerve endings, is primarily comprised of lecithin. Lecithin also protects against gallstone formation, high blood pressure and cholesterol excesses. It improves memory of most types, including visual and verbal memory (61,62) and is often quite helpful for defects in voluntary movement and muscular coordination. (63,64) Eating too much isolated, supplemental lecithin can produce serious side effects, however, including severe abdominal pain and weight loss; it can even form large masses in the stomach, which in one case had to be removed surgically. Eating eggs for their lecithin content is not recommended in cases of attention deficit, restlessness, nervousness, spasm, or hyperactivity, as eggs promote "glairy" mucous that can obstruct the liver and thereby aggravate imbalances marked with instability or erratic behaviour. Additional healing values of brown rice extracts for immune strengthening are likewise being tested. One of the most potent compounds for stimulating NK (natural killer) cells in the body is a polysaccharide composed of the hemicellulose - B extract from rice bran, which has been modified by enzymes of the shiitake mushroom. (66) One NK cell can destroy up to 27 cancer cells, taking only a few minutes for each eradication. NK cells are also noted for overcoming dangerous viruses such as hepatitis C and HIV. (67-69) This shiitake enzyme-modified rice bran extract (known as "MGN-3") can increase NK cell activity from between 100 and 500%. (70-72) Such an increase to immune response has led to some remarkable effects on nearly all pathology indicators, including tumour reduction as well as remission of disease. MGN-3 is generally considered as potent as the strongest immune-modulating drugs, but with no side effects. (74) It can be used concurrently with chemotherapy and radiation to increase their benefits whils simultaneously protecting against their toxicity. Note: We do not generally recommend plant extracts that isolate active ingredients in the form of supplements unless there is an acute need. MGN-3 and other extracts are presented here to acknowledge the potency inherent in the whole rice. Most often, the whole foods themselves are more effective over time for slowly and deeply building immune function. IP6 (inositol hexaphosphate) is another supplement that is frequently extracted from rice bran. Used in cancer therapy, IP6 may also have applications in treating cardiovascular disease, kidney stones, and possibly even immune-system disorders like AIDS. (75,76) Although the precise mechanism for its ability to inhibit early-stage cancer is not known, (77,78) it ultimately seems to cause cancer cells to revert to normal. (79) IP6 is essentially the phytic acid in brown rice and other grains, legumes and most seeds in general. As mentioned earlier, ingesting foods with it appears to provoke a somewhat cleansing therapy, as it is known to bind with calcium, iron and perhaps other mineral excesses - presumably in the soft tissues of the body first. (80) Some claim that it binds with proteins and other large molecules, making them into insoluble compounds that are not readily absorbed or utilised by the body. Therefore, in the recipes section of this text, we recommend neutralising phytic acid in grains and legumes by any of various techniques, including pre-soaking and discarding the soak water, by sprouting, by fermentation as in soybean miso and tempeh and sourdough bread, by roasting. (81) However, individuals with signs of excess (robust constitution, extroverted personality, reddish complexion), who are embarking on a new diet of unrefined foods, may be wise to make use of the therapeutic action of phytic acid in the body to extract calcium deposits in the soft tissues, which may have resulted from overeating of poor quality dairy products and refined foods. Recalling that these calcium deposits support a number of degenerations, including vascular plaque and arthritic disorders, it is often a good idea for those in cleansing therapy, particularly for the purpose of overcoming degenerative disease, to eat phytic-acid-rich foods such as unsoaked grains and (well cooked, but) unsoaked legumes. Not long ago, vegetables, whole grains and most other plant foods were thought of as mainly "fibre" - to assist bowel functions... The minerals in whole wheat, the blood sugar controlling effects of brown rice and the plethora of phytonutrients, antioxidants and other special features of whole rice and its bran, represent the merest sampling of the benefits available in whole foods - that we fail to receive in refined, highly processed foods. Each whole grain, including millet, quinoa, barley, rye, corn, buckwheat, amaranth, and so on, has major minerals, vitamins and other nutrients in common as well as its own unique set of nutrients and associated healing properties. More recently, some of the most highly regarded studies involving the phyto chemistry of legumes (including soy), nuts and seeds, fruits and vegetables, are demonstrating that each plant food has rich stores of valuable properties. When ever we eat refined food, whether it be white flour foods, denatured rice and other cereals, or refined oils and sugars, we limit the opportunity to bolster our immune system, keep our blood sugar and emotions balanced, protect against degenerative diseases, maintain a trim and fit body and in general, keep our integrated experience of life harmonious. Many may wonder why we ever chose to refine grains, oils, sugar cane and other foods. Clearly, refined foods are lighter, sweeter and easier to chew and oftentimes have much longer shelf lives. So both the consumer and producer obtain something they want. The most vital, bitter-tasting parts of whole foods are the ones refined away, often discarded, put in nutritional supplements, or fed to animals. Yet the bitter parts including magnesium, selenium, antioxidants and dozens of other nutrients that we need in order to avoid the stress and ills inherent in the 21st century lifestyle. Most of the general public fails to realise the protective and rejuvenative benefits they miss and the suffering they incur when eating denatured foods. But, considering the general lack of vitality of many people today, the time is ripe for whole-grain awareness to manifest widely. The whole grain, such as wheat and brown rice, can also serve as a metaphor. The grain's protective coating (like wheat or rice bran) can provide us with a "protective coating" for improving our immunity and health. Whereas stripping the grain of its coating, through refining essential nutrients out of these foods, strips us of valuable nutrition. If a nutrient-starved nation can rediscover the potent value of these grains, a land of excess should soon become a land of moderation and abundant health. Healing properties: Neutral thermal nature; sweet flavour; strengthens spleen-pancreas; soothes the stomach; expels toxins; increases qi energy; is hypoallergenic; whole brown rice is concentrated in B vitamins and therefore beneficial for the nervous system - helps relieve mental depression. Used also for diarrhea, nausea, diabetes and thirst. A handful of raw brown rice chewed thoroughly as the only food in the first meal of the day helps expel worms. As a remedy for infants who cannot tolerate mother's milk, feed them roasted rice tea: pan-roast rice until dark brown, add water and simmer for 20 minutes. The resulting liquid (tea) can be taken 2-3 times daily. Rice is a tropical grain, and it alleviates the irritability associated with summer heat. Short-grain rice has a nuttier flavour, chewier consistency and is better for the nervous or frail person and cooler seasons than long grain, which is less sticky. Basmati rice is slightly aromatic and is considered lighter than other rices, making it more appropriate for damp, overweight, or other stagnant conditions. Be sure to purchase whole-grain basmati, which is often difficult to obtain, even in natural food stores. "White basmati" is parboiled before refining, which drives a small but important percentage of vitamins and minerals into the interior of the grain. However, it is still lacking the bran and its accociated fibre, the germ and its essential oils and the majority of other nutrients found in these removed parts. Sprouted rice is a common herb of Chinese medicine. Its properties include neutral thermal energy and sweet flavour. It is used for weak digestion and poor appetite as a result of spleen-pancreas deficiency and for resolving food stagnation composed of undigested starches. Also helps reduce lactation and is useful for nursing mothers who have painful, swollen breasts or who are weaning their infants. Sprouted rice loses much of its therapeutic value when well cooked. Use it fresh for food stagnation and to retard lactation; to strengthen the spleen-pancreas and improve apetite, lightly toast, powder and mix in hot water. Sweet rice: Contains more protein and fat than other rice. It is easy to digest, particularly when made into the traditional Japanese food known as "mochi". Healing properties: Warming thermal nature; sweet; increase qi energy; warms the spleen-pancreas and stomach; is mildly astringent - used for frequent and excessive urination, spontaneous sweating and diarrhea. Also is often helpful in the treatment of diabetes. Cautions: Sweet rice can worsen diseases marked by phlegm and mucous; in addition, it should be avoided by those with deficient digestive fibre (watery stools, mucous in stools and signs of coldness). Wild rice: Not a true rice but more closely related to corn; indigenous to North America and traditionally known as manomen or "water grass"; a staple for the Ojibway, Chippewa and Winnebago Indians of Minnesota area. These people were quite tall and muscular with very red skin. Healing properties: Cooling thermal nature; sweet and bitter flavour; diuretic; benefits the kidneys and bladder. This slim, dark grain has more protein than other rice. It is rich in minerals and B vitamins and is a hardy food for cold climates - it cools the superficial tissues and concentrates warmth in the interior and lower body areas. References: 45: Atkins, Robert C.. Dr. Atkins' New diet revolutio. New York : Quill, 2002. 46:Qureshi, A.A., Sami, S.A., et al. Effects of stabilised rice bran, its soluble and fibre fractions on blood glucose levels and serum lipid parameters in humans with diabetes mellitis Types 1 and 2. Journal of Nutritional biochemistry 13(3): pp 175-187, Mar 2002 47: Qureshi, A.A., Mo, H., et al. Isolation and identification of novel tocotrienols from rice bran with hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, and antitumour properties. Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry 48(8): pp 3130-3140, Aug 2000 48:Kim, K.M., Yu, K.W. et al. Anti-stress and anti-fatigue effects of fermented rice bran. Bio-science, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 65(10): pp 2294-2296, Oct 2001 49: Macdonald, I.A. Carbohydrate as a nutrient in adults: Range of acceptable intakes. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53 Suppl 1: pp s101-s106, Apr 1999 50: Cicero, A.F. and Gaddi, A. Rice bran oil and gama-oryzanol in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias and other conditions. Phytotherapy Research 15(4): pp 277-289, Jun 2001 51: Wei, Y.H., Lu, C.Y., etal. Oxidative stress in human aging and mitochondrial disease-consequences of defective mitochondrial respiration and impaired antioxidant enzyme system. Chinese Journal of Physiology 44(1): pp 1-11, Mar 31, 2001 52: Mai, J., Sorenson, P.S., Hansen, J.C. High dose antioxidant supplementation to MS patients. Effects of glutathione peroxidase, clinical safety, and absorption of selenium. Biological Trace Element Research 24(2): pp 109-17, Feb 1990 53: Darlington, L.G. and Stone, T.W. Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders. British Journal of Nutrition 85(3): pp 251-69, Mar 2001 54: Linnane, A.W., Zhang, C., et al. Human aging and global function of coenzyme Q10. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 959: pp 396-411; discussion 463-465, Apr 2002 55: Lamson, D.W. and Plaza, S.M. Mitochondrial factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes: A hypothesis for treatment. Alternative Medical Review 7(2): pp 94-111, Apr 2002 56: Beal, M.F. Coenzyme Q10 as a possible treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Free Radical Research 36(4): pp 455-460, Apr 2002 57: Lister, R.E. An open, pilot study to evaluate the potential benefits of coenzyme Q10 combined with Ginkgo biloba extract in fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of International Medical Research 30(2): pp 195-199, Mar-Apr 2002 58: Sen, C.K., Khanna, S., et al. Oxygen, Oxidants, and Antioxidants in wound healing: An Emerging paradigm. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 957: pp 239-249, May 2002 59: Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., et al. Cellular Protection with Proanthocyanidins Derived from Grape Seeds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 957: pp 260-270, May 2002 60: Levinson, Harold N.. Total Concentration : How to Understand Attention Deficit Disorders, with Treatment Guidelines for You and Your Doctor. New York ; M. Evans, 1990. 61: Ladd, S.L., Sommer, S.A., et al. Effect of phosphatidylcholine on explicit memory. Clinical Neuropharmacology 16(6): pp 540-54, Dec 1999 62: Sahakian, B., Joyce, E., Lishman, W.A. Cholinergic effects on constructional abilities and on mnemonic processes: A case report. Psychological Medicine 17(2): pp 329-333, May 1987 63: Rosenberg, G.S. and Davis, K.L. The use of cholinergic precursors in neuropsychiatric diseases. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 36(4): pp 709-720, Oct 1982 64: Filla, A. and Campanella, G. A six-month phosphatidylcholine trial in Friedreich's ataxia. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 9(2): pp 147-150, May 1982 65: Hsu, H.H., Grove, W.E., et al. Gastric bezoar caused by lecithin: An unusual complication of health faddism. American Journal of Gastroenterology 87(6): pp 794-796, Jun 1992 66: Ghoneum, M. and Jewett, A. Production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma from human peripheral blood lymphocytes by MGN-3, a modified arabinoxylan from rice bran, and its synergy with interleukin-2 in vitro. Cancer Detection and Prevention 24(4): pp 314-324, 2000 76: Herberman, R.B. Cancer immunotherapy with natural killer cells. Seminars in Oncology 29 (3 Suppl 7): pp 27-30, 2002 Jun 68: Ghoneum, M. Anti-HIV activity in vitro of MGN-3, an activated Arabinoxylane from rice bran: pp 25-29, 1998 69: Basse, P.H., Whiteside, T.L., Herberman, R.B. Cancer immunotherapy with interleukin-2-activated natural likker cells. Molecular Biotechnology 21(2): pp 161-170, Jun 2002 70: Ghoneum, M. and Manatalla, G. NK immunomodulatory function in 27 patients by MGN-3, a modified arabinoxylane from rice bran. Abstract. 87th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Cancer Research, Washington, DC, Apr 1996 71: Ghoneum, M. Immunomodulatory and Anitcancer properties of MGN-3, a modified xylose from rice bran, in 5 patients with breast cancer. Abstract. American Association for Cancer Research Special Conference: The Interface between basic and applied research, Baltimore, MD., Nov. 1995 72: Ghoneum, M. NK Immunorestoration of Cancer Patients by MGN-3, a modified arabinoxylane from rice bran (study of 32 patients up to 4 years). Abstract, 6th International Congress on Anti-Aging and Bio-medical Technologies (American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine), Las Vegas, Nevada, December 1998 73: A report in progress, regarding over 100 patients, by Mamdooh Ghoneum, PhD, Chief of Research, Dept of Otolaryngology, Charles D. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1621 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA 74: Op cit. reference 66 75: Jariwalla, R.J. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) as an anti-neoplastic and lipid-lowering agent. Anticancer Research 19(5A): pp 3699-3702, Sep-Oct 1999 76: Grases, F. and Costa-Bauza, A. Phytate (IP6) is a powerful agent for preventing calcifications in biological fluids: Usefulness in renal lithiasis treatment. Anticancer Research 19(5A): pp 3717-3722, Sep-Oct 1999 77: El-Sherbiny, Y.M., Cox, M.C., et al. G0/G1 arrest and S phase inhibition of human cancer cell lines by inositol hexaphosphate (IP6). Anticancer Research 21(4A): pp 2393-2403, Jul-Aug 2001 78: Deliliers, G.L., Servida, F., et al. Effect of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) on human normal and leukemic haemopoietic cells. British Journal of Haemotology 117(3): pp 577-587. Jun 2002. 79: Shamsuddin, A.M. Metabolism and cellular functions of IP6: A review. Anticancer Research 19(5A): pp 3733-3736, Sep-Oct 1999 80: Valencia, S., Svanberg, U. et al. Processing of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Wild): effects on in vitro iron availability and phytate hydrolysis. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 50(3): pp 203-211, May 1999 81: Centeno, C. and Viveros, A. Effect of several germination conditions on total P, phytate P, phytase, and acid phosphatase activities and inositol phosphate esters in rye and barley. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49(7): pp 3208-3215, Jul 2001 An email sent to me from Mathew Allan.... Hey Jennie. I have been doing some more research on the breakdown of vitamin c and the effects on Extrinsic and intrinsic immune mediated skin responses. I will briefly go over the response. Foreign particles are detected and digested by an allergen presenting cell (APC) or dendrite. These cells migrate to the lymph nodes and present the degraded allergen (Protein) and major histocompatibility complex to T cells. The T cells prime B-cells which produce allergen specific antibodies which travel in the blood and bind to mast cells an bronchial mucosa so that the allergen is encountered again: 1. the mast cell degranulates releasing histamine. This attracts eosinophils to the site of allergen exposure. 2. T cells proliferate and release cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) in allergic individuals to increase IgE levels, while non-allergic individuals produce more IgG antibodies. T-cells regulate the immune response. Both allergic and non-allergic individuals produce T-cells in response to allergen but the cytokine mix is different. Allergic individuals produce more IL4- and IL-5 (TH2 pathway) relative to non-allergic individuals. While non-allergic individuals produce more interferon gamma (TH1 pathway). Vitamin c and the immune response: Vitamin c has the ability to raise T-cells in the immune response. When regular smaller amounts are administered to an allergic individual they produce more IL4- and IL-5 (TH2 pathway) which can strenghthen the allergic response. But on the other hand, if large amounts are administered after the t-cell response ( after rash or eczma appears) this can assist in the release of more interferon gamma (TH1 pathway). This produces more stable IgG antibodies where as if the same person took the same dose while not experiencing a T-cell action can cause the release of IgE antibodies. That is the answer to the Lupus treatment with vitamin c. The lupus sufferer is already in the process of releasing T-cell actively on an IgE allergic basis. So a massive dose of vitamin c at this time will cause the already released T-cells to release IgG antibodies correcting the over abundance of IL-4 and IL-5 and reducing the uncontrolled immune response. The vitamin c thus act as a natural version of cromolyn which prevents the released mast cell from degranulating and releasing histamine and thus inflammation. I also found the fact interesting that a high intake of Vitamin A can prevent this positive action of vitamin c and returns the immune system back to TH2. Well it was good to refresh on that. Just thought you might find it interesting…..Mat What's really in Chicken McNuggets....click here to find out! Vitamin Water exposed as sugar water in Food Investigations video... click here to find out more! How to curb junk food cravings naturally ... check out the link here! |
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